What is your opinion about clone *NIX, Linux?

- Is your opinion a favour to this Kernel?
- Is a good union Linux with GNU System or prefer others, for example Hurd?

Unix, Linux, Step by Step

1957: Bell Labs found they needed an operating system for their computer center which at the time was running various batch jobs. The BESYS operating system was created at Bell Labs to deal with these needs.
1965: Bell Labs was adopting third generation computer equipment and decided to join forces with General Electric and MIT to create Multics (Multiplexed Information and Computing Service).
1969: By April 1969, AT&T made a decision to withdraw Multics and go with GECOS. When Multics was withdrawn Ken Thompson and Dennis Ritchie needed to rewrite an operating system in order to play space travel on another smaller machine (a DEC PDP-7 [Programmed Data Processor 4K memory for user programs). The result was a system which a punning colleague called UNICS (UNiplexed Information and Computing Service)--an 'emasculated Multics'.
1969: Summer 1969 Unix was developed.
1969: Linus Torvalds is born.
1971: First edition of Unix released 11/03/1971. The first edition of the "Unix PROGRAMMER'S MANUAL [by] K. Thompson [and] D. M. Ritchie" is also dated "November 3, 1971". It includes over 60 commands like: b (compile B program); boot (reboot system); cat (concatenate files); chdir (change working directory); chmod (change access mode); chown (change owner); cp (copy file); ls (list directory contents); mv (move or rename file); roff (run off text); wc (get word count); who (who is one the system). The main thing missing was pipes.
1972: Second edition of Unix released 12/06/1972
1972: Ritchie rewrote B and called the new language C.
1973: Unix had been installed on 16 sites (all within AT&T/Western Electric); it was publically unveiled at a conference in October.
1973: Third edition of Unix released February 1973
1973: Forth edition of Unix released November 1973
1974: Fifth edition of Unix released June 1974
1974: Thompson went to UC Berkeley to teach for a year, Bill Joy arrived as a new graduate student. Frustrated with ed, Joy developed a more featured editor em.
1975: Sixth edition of Unix released May 1975
1975: Bourne shell is introduced begins being added onto.
1977: 1BSD released late 1977
1978: 2BSD released mid 1978
1979: Seventh edition of Unix released January 1979
1979: 3BSD released late 1979
1979: SCO founded by Doug and Larry Michels as Unix porting and consulting company.
1980: 4.0BSD released October 1980
1982: SGI introduces IRIX.
1983: SCO delivers its first packaged Unix system called SCO XENIX System V for Intel 8086 and 8088 processor-based PCs.
1984: Ultrix 1.0 was released.
1985: Eighth edition of Unix released February 1985
1985: The GNU manifesto is published in the March 1985 issue of Dr. Dobb's Journal. The GNU project starts a year and a half later.
1986: HP-UX 1.0 released.
1986: Ninth edition of Unix released September 1986
1987: Sun and AT&T lay the groundwork for business computing in the next decade with an alliance to develop Unix System V Release 4.
1988: HP-UX 2.0 released.
1988: HP-UX 3.0 released.
1989: SCO ships SCO Unix System V/386, the first volume commercial product licensed by AT&T to use the Unix System trademark.
1989: HP-UX 7.0 released.
1989: Tenth edition of Unix released October 1989
1990: AIX short for Advanced Interactive eXecutive was first entered into the market by IBM February 1990.
1991: Sun unveils Solaris 2 operating environment, specially tuned for symetric multiprocessing.
1991: Linux is introduced by Linus Torvalds, a student in Finland. Who post to the comp.os.minix newsgroup with the words:

Hello everybody out there using minix -

I'm doing a (free) operating system (just a hobby, won't be big and professional like gnu) for 386(486) AT clones.
1991: HP-UX 8.0 released.
1991: BSD/386 ALPHA First code released to people outside BSDI 12/xx/1991
1992: HP-UX 9.0 released.
1993: NetBSD 0.8 released 04/20/1993
1993: FreeBSD 1.0 released December of 1993
1994: Red Hat Linux is introduced.
1994: Caldera, Inc was founded in 1994 by Ransom Love and Bryan Sparks.
1994: NetBSD 1.0 released 10/26/1994
1995: FreeBSD 2.0 released 01/xx/1995
1995: SCO acquires Unix Systems source technology business from Novell Corporation (which had acquired it from AT&T's Unix System Laboratories). SCO also acquires UnixWare 2 operating system from Novell.
1995: HP-UX 10.0 released.
1995: 4.4 BSD Lite Release 2 the true final distribution from the CSRG 06/xx/1995
1996: KDE is started to be developed by Matthias Ettrich
1997: HP-UX 11.0 released.
1997: Caldera ships OpenLinux Standard 1.1 May 5, 1997, the second offering in Caldera's OpenLinux product line
1998: IRIX 6.5 the fifth generation of SGI Unix is released July 6, 1998.
1998: SCO delivers UnixWare 7 operating system.
1998: Sun Solaris 7 operating system released.
1998: FreeBSD 3.0 released 10/16/1998
2000: FreeBSD 4.0 released 03/13/2000
2000: Caldera Systems Inc. announces that Caldera Systems has entered into agreement to acquire the SCO Server Software Division and the Professional Services Division.
2001: Microsoft files a trademark suit against Lindows.com in December.
2004: Lindows changes it's name to Linspire April 14, 2004.

What is UNIX ®?

The Open Group holds the definition of what a UNIX system is and its associated trademark in trust for the industry.

In 1994 Novell (who had acquired the UNIX systems business of AT&T/USL) decided to get out of that business. Rather than sell the business as a single entity, Novell transferred the rights to the UNIX trademark and the specification (that subsequently became the Single UNIX Specification) to The Open Group (at the time X/Open Company). Subsequently, it sold the source code and the product implementation (UNIXWARE) to SCO. The Open Group also owns the trademark UNIXWARE, transferred to them from SCO more recently.

Today, the definition of UNIX ® takes the form of the worldwide Single UNIX Specification integrating X/Open Company's XPG4, IEEE's POSIX Standards and ISO C. Through continual evolution, the Single UNIX Specification is the defacto and dejure standard definition for the UNIX system application programming interfaces. As the owner of the UNIX trademark, The Open Group has separated the UNIX trademark from any actual code stream itself, thus allowing multiple implementations. Since the introduction of the Single UNIX Specification, there has been a single, open, consensus specification that defines the requirements for a conformant UNIX system.

There is also a mark, or brand, that is used to identify those products that have been certified as conforming to the Single UNIX Specification, initially UNIX 93, followed subsequently by UNIX 95, UNIX 98 and now UNIX 03.

The Open Group is committed to working with the community to further the development of standards conformant systems by evolving and maintaining the Single UNIX Specification and participation in other related standards efforts. Recent examples of this are making the standard freely available on the web, permitting reuse of the standard in open source documentation projects , providing test tools ,developing the POSIX and LSB certification programs.

From this page you can read about the history of the UNIX system over the past 30 years or more. You can learn about the Single UNIX Specification, and read or download online versions of the specification. You can also get involved in the ongoing development and maintenance of the Single UNIX Specification, by joining the Austin Group whose approach to specification development is "write once, adopt everywhere", The Open Group's Base Working Group or get involved in the UNIX Certification program.

obtain of http://www.unix.org/what_is_unix.html

Ancient Movie Unix History